应用自动识别和定量系统评价两种污水再生工艺对微量有机污染物的去除效果

采用气质联用分析,并结合自动识别与定量系统(AIQS-DB)考察2种再生水厂采用的深度处理工艺对微量有机污染物的去除效果。结果表明,以污水为原水的膜生物反应器(MBR)+臭氧氧化+生物活性炭滤池(BAC)工艺用于再生水生产,MBR工艺对有机污染物的去除起主要作用;城市污水厂二级出水为原水的混凝沉降+浸没式超滤(SMF)/连续微滤(CMF)+部分反渗透(RO)+臭氧氧化工艺用于再生水生产,其SMF和CMF工艺段的膜截留作用均可有效消减有机污染物含量,SMF的效果优于CMF;2种工艺中采用的臭氧技术都能进一步加强部分物质的去除效果。气质联用结合AIQS-DB可用于再生水中污染物的筛查和不同污水再生工艺对微污染物消减效果的评价。     

The impact of the electricity tariff reform on renewable energies and energy efficiency investments: The case of the Italian residential market

This article investigates the impact that the electricity tariff reform is likely to have on investments in renewable energies (i.e., photovoltaics) and the adoption of energy efficiency measures (i.e., installation of heat pumps and efficient home appliances) in the residential market in Italy. The study develops detailed cost comparisons and simulations considering two different investment scenarios (before and after the reform) to conclude that the reform will: (i) have a negative impact on investments in photovoltaic systems; (ii) favor the adoption of energy efficiency measures, such as efficient home appliances.     

煤矿矿井水处理节能降耗实践

文章针对煤矿矿井水因含有油污和大量轻质悬浮物时存在处理能耗高、混凝刑消耗量大，导致处理成本高的情况，以华蓥山煤业股份公司龙滩煤矿水处理系统技改为例，探讨矿井水处理节能降耗的可行性和途径。本文介绍了根据矿井水特性及排放规律，以及混凝沉淀机理，通过优化设计矿井水处理工艺精减耗电设备，合理选择混凝药剂和投药方式等措施，达到提高沉淀效率，节能降耗的目的。     

电厂袋式除尘器滤袋故障分析及处理

以北京高井热电厂为对象,运用故障树分析的方法,对袋式除尘器及滤袋失效进行了故障树分析,并将之演变为成功树,提出了防止滤袋失效的措施。     

Theoretical Analysis and Restructuring of Capacity Building for Sustainable Development

1Connotation of capacity building for sustainable development( CBSD)Sustainable development emphasizes the coordination between man and nature,the upgrading ofliving standards,the potentiality of development and the role of natural ecosystem in supportinghuman life.All this depends on the improvementand elevation of sustainable developmentcapaci-ty.In other words,capacity building is important to achieving sustainable development.Agenda2 1 gave an interpretation of capacity building for sust…     

Effects of tree size and spatial distribution on growth of ponderosa pine forests under alternative management scenarios

Forest ecosystems may be actively managed toward heterogeneous stand structures to provide both economic (e.g., wood production and carbon credits) and environmental benefits (e.g., invasive pest resistance). In order to facilitate wider adoption of possibly more sustainable forest stand structures, defining growth expectations among alternative management scenarios is crucial. To estimate the effect of tree size and spatial distributions on growth for forest structures commonly considered in uneven-aged forest stand management, large (0.2 ha+) plots were established in 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands in eastern Montana. All study trees were stem-mapped and measured for diameter and 10-year sapwood and basal area increment. A generalized growth model was developed to predict both total and merchantable 10-year basal area increment for nine hypothetical stand structures [three diameter distributions (reverse-J, irregular, flat) × three spatial distributions (clumpy, partial clumpy, uniform)]. Results indicate that the size and spatial distributions of individual trees have a considerable effect on overall stand growth. The greatest total stand growth was in stands with reverse “J” shaped tree size distributions, while the greatest merchantable stand growth was in stands with “flat” diameter distributions and uniform spatial distributions. Through better comprehension of generalized uneven-aged stand growth dynamics, forest managers may better assess the effects of alternative stand structures on stand growth while providing forest stand structures that may be more resilient in a changing climate.     

Technological Progress, Structural Change and China＇s Energy Efficiency

China has witnessed rapid economic development since 1978, and during the time, energy production and consumption developed at a tremendous speed as well. Energy efficiency which can be measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP, however, experienced continuous decrease. Theoretically, the change of energy efficiency can be attributed to industry structural change and technological change. In order to explain the transformation of Chinese energy efficiency, we adopt logarithmic mean Divisia index techniques to decompose changes in energy intensity in the period of 1994-2005. We find that technological change is the dominant contributor in the decline of energy intensity, but the contribution has declined since 2001. The change in industry structure has decreased the energy intensity before 1998, but raised the intensity after 1998. Decomposed technological effects for all sectors indicate that technological progresses in high energy consuming industries such as raw chemical materials and chemical products, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products and household contribute are the principal drivers of China＇s declining energy intensity.     

浅谈水质中氟化物的分析方法

经过长期的工作实践，笔者总结出能够大大提高水中氟化物测定效率及准确度的操作方法。即在使用离子选择电极法测量水中氟化物时，首先要保证试验用的去离子水的纯净度，同时确保电极清洗到260mv以上，再开始试验，最后在绘制标准曲线时保证斜率的绝对值在（58±1）之间。     

A statistical analysis of the carbon dioxide capture process

Post combustion carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture is one of the most commonly adopted technologies for reducing industrial CO₂ emissions, which is now an important goal given the widespread concern over global warming. Research on amine-based CO₂ capture has mainly focused on improving effectiveness and efficiency of the CO₂ capture process. Our research work focuses on studying the relationships among the significant parameters influencing CO₂ production because an enhanced understanding of the intricate relationships among the parameters involved in the process is critical for improving efficiency of the CO₂ capture process. This paper presents a statistical study that explores the relationships among parameters involved in the amine-based post combustion CO₂ capture process at the International Centre for CO₂ Capture (ITC) located in Regina, Saskatchewan of Canada. A multiple regression technique has been applied for analysis of data collected at the CO₂ capture pilot plant at ITC. The parameters have been carefully selected to avoid issues of multicollinearity, and four mathematical models among the key parameters identified have been developed. The models have been tested, and accuracy of the models is found to be satisfactory. The models developed in this study describe part of the CO₂ capture process and can help to predict performance of the CO₂ capture process at ITC under different conditions. Some results from a preliminary validation process will also be presented.     

反渗透处理稀土氨氮废水试验研究

根据稀土冶炼厂排放的碳铵沉淀洗涤废水的水质情况，采用NH4Cl和 NaCl模拟废水进行了反渗透可行性对比实验。模拟实验发现，在相同条件下反渗透对NaCl 较NH₄Cl 有着更高的去除率，而NH₄Cl 相对NaCl则有着更高的产水速率。实际废水试验结果表明，在恒定操作压力范围内回收率为65%的条件下，NH₄Cl浓度为2.85 g/L的碳铵沉淀洗涤废水经反渗透处理其NH₄Cl去除率为77.3%，可作为氨氮废水的预处理。对该废水处理成本进行了分析，得出其约为2.7元/m³，比相近浓度氨氮废水的氨吹脱处理成本节省约26%。